Ubuntu/Setup Server

Overview

Quick checklist of things to install while setting up a new LAMP server

Security

Local

• Create new account

~$ adduser newuser
Adding user `newuser' ...
Adding new group `newuser' (1000) ...
Adding new user `newuser' (1000) with group `newuser' ...
Creating home directory `/home/newuser' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
Enter new UNIX password: 
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for newuser
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
	Full Name []: newuser
	Room Number []: 
	Work Phone []: 
	Home Phone []: 
	Other []: 
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y

• Add new user to sudoer group

~$ visudo
# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
newuser   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

SSH

• start SSH listening on non-standard port

~$ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
...
# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
Port 2222
...

• remove root from remote login

~$ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 
...
PermitRootLogin no
...

• install fail2ban

~$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install fail2ban -y 

• set ban time to 24 hours & make sure ssh blocking is enabled

~$ sudo vi /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf
...
bantime  = 86400
...
[ssh]

enabled  = true
port     = ssh
filter   = sshd
logpath  = /var/log/auth.log
...

iptables

• add loopback and related/established

~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

• add permitted IP address(es)

~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 8.8.8.8 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -m comment --comment "SSH Access"

• add port 2222 open to the world since we'll be blocking 22 by omission.

~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 0.0.0.0/0 -p tcp --dport 2222 -j ACCEPT

• add ports 80 and 443 so you can get to them while you work on the site

~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 8.8.8.8 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
~$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 8.8.8.8 -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

</nowiki>

• prevent packets from fowarding (like a router) and specify INPUT policy default

 ~$ sudo iptables -P FORWARD DROP
~$ sudo iptables -P INPUT DROP

• make sure iptables looks like you want

$ sudo iptables -L -n -v
Chain INPUT (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
 1775  140K fail2ban-ssh  tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            multiport dports 22
    0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  lo     *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           
 1308 99200 ACCEPT     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
    0     0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       8.8.8.8       0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:22 /* SSH Access */
    0     0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:2222
    0     0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       9.9.9.9          0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:22 /* SSH home */
    0     0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:80
    0     0 ACCEPT     tcp  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:443

Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 31 packets, 2792 bytes)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         

Chain fail2ban-ssh (1 references)
 pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         
 1752  138K RETURN     all  --  *      *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0     

• save iptables config and add to rc.local for restoration on reboot

~$ sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules"
~$ sudo vi /etc/rc.local
...
iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
exit 0

Update OS, libraries, and installed packages

~$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y

Install Apache2

~$ sudo apt-get install apache2

create directory and add site content

~$ sudo mkdir /var/www/yoursite.com
 ~$ sudo chown newuser:newuser /var/www/yoursite.com

create apache conf file

 ~$ sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/yoursite.com.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName yoursite.com
        ServerAdmin admin@yoursite.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/yoursite.com
        TransferLog /var/log/apache2/yoursite.com-access_log
        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/yoursite.com-error_log
</VirtualHost>

enable mod rewrite

~$ sudo a2enmod rewrite 

disable indexing

~$ sudo a2dismod autoindex