Python/Basic Code
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variables
- variables can be integers, floats, or boolean. Integers are whole numbers, floats are numbers with remainders, boolean is either True of False.
variable=integer
float vars
If you want the fraction included in the var, you need to define it as a float, otherwise python will automatically round the result to a whole number.
floating_var = float(7)/2
This will give you the fraction from dividing 7/2.
convert int to string
age = 13 print str(age)
convert string to int
n1 = "100" n2 = "10" int_addition = int(n1) + int(n2)
convert to float
n1 = "7.5" print float(n1)
arithmetic operators
add/subtract/multiply/divide/exponentiation/modulo
exponentiation (exponential, similar to square roots)
2 ** 3=8 (2*2*2)
modulo (remainder)
5 % 2=1 (5/2 = 2 with a remainder of 1)
shorthand
+= add vars and update first var ie. sandwich_price += sales_tax -= subtract vars and update first var ie. money_in_wallet -= sandwich_price
comments
- # for single like quote or """ quote """ for multi line quote
#quote """quote quote"""
display output
print "Hello World"
display specific letter, left to right, 0 forward
print "TEST"[0] = "T"
strings
multi-line string
- for strings that span multiple lines, use triple quotes
address_string = """136 Whowho Rd Apt 7 Whosville, WZ 44494"""
string continuation
- it appears you can continue a string by using
\
though i've only seen this behavior using string concatenation
ie. print "Ah, so your name is %s, your quest is %s, " \ "and your favorite color is %s." % (name, quest, color)
string methods
- len() ; lower() ; upper() ; str()
len() = get length of string - applies to anything within the parentheses
len(length) = 6
lower() = convert to lowercase - applies to only the value after the "." . Dot notation only works on strings
LOWERCASE.lower() = lowercase
upper() = convert to uppercase - applies to only the value after the "." . Dot notation only works on strings
uppercase.upper() = UPPERCASE
str() = convert to string - applies to anything within the parentheses
str(3.14) = "3.14"
String Formatting
- concatenating strings through short hand
string_1 = "Camelot" string_2 = "place" print "Let's not go to %s. 'Tis a silly %s." % (string_1, string_2)
define var length
when doing concatenating, you can specify the var length to be displayed. this is especially helpful with numbers when trying to apply formatting.
print '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (now.hour, now.minute, now.second) 21:02:18
notice how the minute is 02
. If this was not defined to be (2) digits, it would have only been a 2 without the preceeding 0.
user input
- variable = raw_input("display message")
name=raw_input("display message")
slice
- parse certain characters from a variable
x=variable print x[1:3] ari x=variable print [3:len(x)] iable
remove character special value
- like with regular expression, you can remove a characters normal value by adding \ in front, however this does not work with all characters in python
'Help! Help! I\'m being repressed!'
Comparators
- ==, !=, <, <=, >, or >=
Boolean Operators
- and, or, or not
true, false
True and True is True True and False is False False and True is False False and False is False True or True is True True or False is True False or True is True False or False is False Not True is False Not False is True
Conditional Statements
- if, else, and elif.
def clinic(): print "You've just entered the clinic!" print "Do you take the door on the left or the right?" answer = raw_input("Type left or right and hit 'Enter'.").lower() if answer == "left" or answer == "l": print "This is the Verbal Abuse Room, you heap of parrot droppings!" elif answer == "right" or answer == "r": print "Of course this is the Argument Room, I've told you that already!" else: print "You didn't pick left or right! Try again." clinic() clinic()
datetime
builtin function within python with date time variable.
print datetime.now()
manipulate
print datetime.now().year print datetime.now().month print datetime.now().day